Aleutian Disease Virus

Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ehrlichiosis)

Avian polyomavirus

Détection du Polyomavirus des oiseaux (Avian Polyomavirus, APV ou encore Budgerigar Fledgling Disease Virus) par PCR en temps réel

Indications du test

• Diagnostic de la « mue française » chez les perruches
• Diagnostic d’une infection à Polyomavirus en cas de mortalité brutale de jeunes Psittaciformes
• Diagnostic d’une infection inapparente par le polyomavirus chez un oiseau (animal porteur sain)
• Evaluation du risque épidémiologique (mise en évidence de la circulation virale en élevage)
• Evaluation de la contamination environnementale (cage, volière, …)

Caractéristiques du test

• PCR en temps réel
• Seuil de détection
• Analyse quantitative (sur demande)

Prélèvements à réaliser

Interprétation du résultat

 Positif : compatible avec une "mue française" ou du portage asymptomatique. Contamination de l’environnement (écouvillons de surface)
 Positif à la limite du seuil de détection ou charge virale faible / très faible : compatible avec du portage sain, une infection débutante ou avec une contamination environnementale du prélèvement biologique

 Négatif : absence de Polyomavirus ou quantité de virus inférieure au seuil de détection du test.

Babesia caballi & Theileria equi

Babesia sp / Theileria sp (canis/gibsoni typing included)

Beak & Feather Disease Virus (PBFD)

Détection du BFDV (Beak and Feather Disease Virus), virus de la maladie du bec et des plumes, par PCR en temps réel.
Cette maladie est aussi connue sous le nom anglais de Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD).

Indications du test

 Diagnostic de maladie du bec et des plumes chez les Psittaciformes.
 Détection des animaux porteurs sains
 Evaluation du risque épidémiologique (mise en évidence de la circulation virale en collectivité)
 Evaluation de la contamination environnementale (cage, volière…)

Caractéristiques du test

 PCR en temps réel
 Seuil de détection
 Analyse quantitative (sur demande)

Prélèvements à réaliser

Interprétation du résultat

 Résultat positif : compatible avec une maladie du bec et des plumes ou une infection transitoire (animal asymptomatique). Présence du virus dans l’environnement (analyse d’écouvillons de surface).
 Résultat positif à la limite du seuil de détection ou charge virale faible / très faible : compatible avec une infection transitoire ou débutante ou avec une contamination environnementale du prélèvement biologique (notamment pour les plumes)

 Résultat négatif : absence de BFDV dans le(s) prélèvement(s) ou quantité de virus inférieure au seuil de détection du test. Exclusion d’une forme aïgue de la maladie.

Bird DNA sexing

Chez de nombreuses espèces d’oiseaux il n’existe pas de dimorphisme sexuel entre le mâle et la femelle.
Le mâle est homogamétique (ZZ) et la femelle hétérogamétique (ZW).
Le sexage par ADN est une méthode de choix pour déterminer le sexe d’un oiseau d’une espèce sans dimorphisme. Différents laboratoires offrent des tests de PCR permettant l’amplification d’un fragment de taille différente sur le chromosome Z et sur le chromosome W. Cependant, ces tests ont des limites.

Le test Sexage ADN Scanelis est un test innovant et très fiable pour le sexage ADN des oiseaux.

Indications du test

 Sexage des oiseaux : détermination du sexe chez les espèces sans dimorphisme sexuel

Caractéristiques du test

 PCR en temps réel : lecture simple et fiable du résultat, pas de douteux
* Résultat pour un mâle : une seule courbe d’amplification (amplification d’un fragment sur le chromosome Z mais pas d’amplification sur le chromosome W)

* Résultat pour une femelle : deux courbes d’amplification (Z et W)

 le test Sexage ADN Scanelis cible une région très conservée du génome permettant le sexage de nombreuses espèces

 le test Sexage ADN Scanelis a été rigoureusement validé sur les espèces figurant dans la liste des espèces sexables

Prélèvements à réaliser

 Sang total (EDTA), volume recommandé : 100 µl
 Plumes : prélever 3 ou 4 plumes

Interprétation du résultat

 un résultat ZZ traduit un sexe mâle
 un résultat ZW traduit un sexe femelle

Birds, ferret & rabbits Mycobacteriosis

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Testing indication

• Bordetellosis diagnosis in cats with clinical signs (of varying intensity and associated with acute or chronic cough, hyperthermia, sneeze, ocular discharges, potentially severe pneumonia in kittens under 10 weeks).
• Detection of asymptomatic carriers (particularly in cattery/group of cats for clinical case): introduction of future breeders…

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection

Diagnostic samples

• Respiratory signs: nasal and oropharyngeal cells collected with a cytobrush or possibly a dry swab.
• Deep respiratory signs: tracheal/respiratory tract swab in dry tube, tracheobronchial or bronchoalveolar lavage liquid on dry tube.
• Status determination of asymptomatic animals: nasal and oropharyngeal cells collected with a cytobrush or a dry swab.

When possible, collect samples before adopting an antibiotic treatment, including local treatment.

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of the bacteria or quantity inferior to the limit of detection.
• Positive result: presence of bacteria in analyzed sample. The analysis report would notify if the quantity of detected viral RNA is very low. The positive results are to be interpreted in the clinical context and depending on the duration of clinical signs and ongoing antibiotic treatment.
  The interpretation in a clinical context is relatively easy as the carriage rate in catteries or groups of cats is rather low. In Europe, it varies from 1,3% in respiratory sign-free catteries/groups of cats up to 5% in catteries/groups of cats showing respiratory signs. Moreover, the bacterial charge is low in asymptomatic animals. Even though, there is no ongoing study on shelters in Europe for this pathogen, it can be assumed that the carriage rate is higher in this type of collectivity, more notably if puppies are present as well (19% of shelters in the U.S were revealed to be infected).
• A recent or ongoing antibiotic treatment during the sample collection can modify the test sensitivity and/ or bacterial load.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Bordetella bronchiseptica

See the technical information related to the CIRD.

Bornavirus

Quantitative detection of bornavirus in animal (dog, cat, horse, birds ...)

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of bornavirosis in cats with clinical signs

Test characteristics

 Real-time RT-PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis (on request, please contact us)

Diagnostic samples

 CSF (CerebroSpinal Fluid)
 Blood & CSF

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of virus or quantity lower than the limit of detection.
 Positive result: presence of virus in the analyzed sample.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Bornavirus

Quantitative detection of bornavirus in animal (dog, cat, horse, birds ...)

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of bornavirosis in dogs with clinical signs

Test characteristics

 Real-time RT-PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis (on request, please contact us)

Diagnostic samples

 CSF (CerebroSpinal Fluid)
 Blood & CSF

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of virus or quantity lower than the limit of detection.
 Positive result: presence of virus in the analyzed sample.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Borrelia

Brucella sp

Canine Adenovirus 1 (Rubarth)

Recherche de l’adénovirus canin de type 1 par PCR en temps réel.

Indications du test

 Diagnostic de l’hépatite infectieuse canine ou maladie de Rubarth.
 Détection des excréteurs asymptomatiques.

Caractéristiques du test

 PCR en temps réel
 Seuil de détection
 Détection de l’adénovirus canin de type 1

Prélèvements à réaliser

 Diagnostic de l’hépatite de Rubarth :

• sur animal vivant : sang total (EDTA) puis en fonction des signes clinqiues, les prélèvements suivants peuvent être ajoutés : urines, LCS, biopsies hépatiques (tube EDTA ou sec)
• sur animal mort : foie (tube EDTA ou sec)

 Détermination de statut des animaux sains : urines (tube EDTA ou sec). Le sang total (EDTA) peut être analysé en complément des urines.

Interprétation du résultat

 Résultat négatif : absence du virus ou quantité inférieure au seuil de détection de la technique.
 Résultat positif : sur un animal cliniquement suspect, une charge élevée du virus permet de conclure à une hépatite de Rubarth.
Sur un animal sain, dans le cadre d’un suivi post maladie par exemple, un résultat positif sur urines confirme l’excrétion persistante du virus qui peut durer plusieurs mois après guérison.

Canine Adenovirus 2 (respiratory)

See the technical information related to the CIRD.

Canine coronavirosis

Quantitative analysis of the load of canine coronavirus causing digestive disorders in puppies and adults.
For further information regarding SARS-CoV2 (Covid-19)

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of digestive form of coronavirosis
 Assessment of the epidemiological risk (to reveal the viral spread in a group of dogs)
 Assessment of the environmental contamination

Test characteristics

 quantitative RT-PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis (viral load)

Diagnostic samples

 Rectal swab (even post-mortem, dry swab without any preservative or culture medium)
 Environmental swab

Result interpretation

• Negative result : absence of canine coronavirus or quantity lower than the limit of detection
• Positive result
  • Low or very low viral load : healthy carrier (infection without clinical relevance).
  • Medium, high or very high viral load : these loads are compatible with coronavirosis or coinfection (infection with canine parvovirus or parasites like Giardia or Coccidia should be looked for). A single Coronavirus infection sometimes leads to hemorrhagic diarrhea and sudden death in puppies (mainly between 2 and 3 months of age).
• As Coronavirus is very frequently detected in group of dogs, epidemiological and clinical context must be considered to interpret viral loads.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Cryptosporidium sp.

Quantitative analysis of the load of Cryptosporidium sp. responsible for digestive troubles in cat and dog.
Cryptosporidium sp. are coccidia responsible for chronic diarrhoea (small intestine & large bowel). Coinfections with Giardia are possible in cats and dogs, and with Tritrichomonas foetus in cats.

Reasons for testing

 Cryptosporidiosis diagnostics in dogs with digestive disorders
 Status determination (shedding assessment)
 Treatment monitoring

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR, quantitative PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis (protozoan load)

Diagnostic samples

• Rectal swab (dry swab without any preservative medium)
• As shedding can be intermittent, a false negative result can be obtained in case of an analysis on a unique sample. In order to get a reliable diagnostics, Scanelis recommends:
  • either, at least 3 consecutive analyses (if the first two analyses are negative) on samples collected one week appart,
  • either a unique analysis on a pool of 3 to 5 rectal swabs taken on two days intervals and stored in a fridge (3-5 samples sent together in a same package). In this option the diagnostics is delayed but covers a longer period in order to increase the chance for the samples to be collected during a shedding period.

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of these coccidia or quantity lower than the limit of detection. A negative result does not exclude an asymptomatic carrier status because the rectal shedding of Cryptosporidium is intermittent. Thus, serial testing or testing a pool of samples taken few days appart is necessary to confirm the absence of Cryptosporidium sp. (see protocol in chapter Diagnostic samples)
 Positive result : presence of coccidia in the sample(s). Positive results should be interpreted in the clinical setting and the epidemiological context and depending on the duration of the clinical signs.
As the Scanelis Cryptosporidium sp. PCR is a quantitative assay, it is interesting for a treatment monitoring, in order to assess the efficacy (if the shedded load is decreased).

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Canine Distemper Virus

Quantitative analysis of Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) and strain typing (vaccine/infectious) which enables a reliable diagnosis on recently vaccinated animals with most of marketed vaccines

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of CDV infection in dog and ferret
 Post-diagnosis monitoring
 Assessment of epidemiological risk (to reveal viral spread in a group)

Test characteristics

 quantitative RT-PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis
 Typing of ALL vaccinal strains (distinction of all infectious strains from all vaccine strains available on the french veterinary market)

Diagnostic samples

 Blood (EDTA) (whatever the clinical signs)
 Blood and CSF (EDTA) in neurological forms
 Blood (EDTA) and conjunctival or oropharyngeal cells (cytobrushes or swabs) in presence of clinical signs (you can also perform kennel cough testing)
 Kidney, spleen, liver and lung post-mortem (with no formalin)
In chronic forms, we advise you to collect several samples (blood and other sample(s) according to the clinical symptoms).
For post-diagnostic monitoring, it is better to look for the virus in a pool of samples (blood, urine, conjunctival and oropharyngeal cells).

Result interpretation

The brand name/company of the used vaccines, the vaccination dates and the clinical context are necessary for result interpretation and must be indicated on the analysis request form.
 Positive result : compatible with a disease caused by CDV or viral spread
 Low quantity of vaccinal strain : the vaccine strain was detected, probably linked to a recent vaccination
 Negative result : absence of Canine Distemper Virus in the analyzed sample or quantity lower than the limit of detection. An acute form of the disease can be excluded.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Canine Herpesvirus

Quantitative detection of canine herpesvirus viral load responsible for mortality during the neonatal period (5 days to 3 weeks), respiratory disorders, particularly in young animals (kennel cough syndrome / CIRD) as well as fertility disorders in breeding animals.

Test indication

• Herpesvirosis diagnostic under different clinical forms.
• Epidemiologic risk evaluation (viral circulation assessment in animal groups and carrier detection).

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis

Diagnostic samples

• Oropharyngeal, conjunctival and nasal cells (swab or cytobrush) in presence of respiratory disorders (possibility of analysis for the other kennel cough’s agents, attach EDTA blood and/or bronchoalveolar lavage liquid on dry tube).
• Oropharyngeal and vaginal/ foreskin cells (swab or cytobrush) or sperm (dry tube) in case of reproductive disorders in adults to detect carriage.
• Conjunctival and corneal cells (swab or cytobrush) in case of eye damages.
• Post-mortem kidney, spleen, liver, lung (no formalin) in neonatal mortality.

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of herpesvirus or quantity inferior to the limit of detection.
• Positive result: compatible with herpesvirosis (high or very high viral load) or carriage/ excretion after reactivation of a latent virus (low viral load).
• A recent or ongoing antibiotic treatment during the sample collection can modify the test sensitivity and/ or bacterial load.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Canine Mycobacteriosis

Canine Parainfluenza

See the technical information related to the CIRD.

Canine Parvovirosis

Quantitative detection (real-time PCR) of canine parvovirus for a reliable diagnostics of canine parvovirosis even if the animal has recently been vaccinated with a high titer attenuated vaccine.

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of canine parvovirosis
 Assessment of the epidemiological risk (to reveal viral spread in a group)
 Assessment of environmental contamination and sanitizing monitoring in an infected environment

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis
 Possible strain typing on request (this typing is not necessary for routine diagnostics)

Diagnostic samples

 Rectal swab (even post-mortem, dry swab without any preservative or culture media)
 Environmental swab

Result interpretation

Most of young dogs are infected with parvovirus. The only presence of virus, either wild or vaccine strain, does not lead to a reliable diagnostics if the viral load shed is not quantified. The quantitative results must be interpreted in a clinical and epidemiological context.

• Positive result :
  • Low or very low viral load : healthy carrier or a low load of vaccine strain is detected in the analyzed sample. Then, parvovirosis can be excluded.
  • High or very high viral load : compatible with parvovirosis. Such loads can be detected in some rare asymptomatic animals in a very contaminated environment (presence of clinical cases)
  • Medium viral load : eventually compatible with a recent vaccination with a high titer vaccine. Medium viral load are most often detected in cases of coinfections with coronavirus or in subacute forms of parvovirosis (duration of clinical signs > 10 days).
• Negative result : absence of virus or quantity lower than the limit of detection of the assay.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Caninum Neospora

Detection of Neospora caninum by real-time PCR.

Test indication

• Diagnosis of neosporosis in the pup (frequently under ten months-old) showing nervous clinical signs such as paresis of the hind limbs evolving into paralysis, ataxia, myalgia and meningencephalomyelitis signs. Neosporosis is also the cause of breeding disorders in the female, such as embryonic or fetal resorption, abortion (over 45 days of gestation) and stillbirth.

Test characteristics

• Real-time PCR
• Limit of detection
• Detection of Caninum Neospora

Diagnostic samples

• Nervous signs: Cerebrospinal fluid or (post-mortem) encephalon, muscular biopsy.
• Breeding disorders: stillborn pup’s lung, liver, kidney, spleen, placenta.

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of the protozoan or quantity inferior to the limit of detection.
• Positive result: detection of Neospora caninum in cerebrospinal fluid, muscles or encephalon confirms the disease when met with progressive nervous disorders. In a context of breeding disorder, detection of Neospora caninum in the placenta and/or stillborn pups’ organs is in favor of a pathogenic role. The parasitic load in cerebrospinal fluid is often low, however in tissues and particularly muscles, it is frequent to find important parasitic loads.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Chlamydia

Testing indication

Chlamydiosis diagnosis in cats with clinical signs (conjunctivitis, potentially associated with respiratory disorders, breeding disorders – abortion, stillbirth).
Detection of asymptomatic carriers (particularly in cattery/group of cats for clinical case or before a vaccine protocol).

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection

Diagnostic samples

• Ocular signs: conjunctival cells collected with a cytobrush or possibly a dry swab.
• Ocular and respiratory signs: conjunctival and oropharyngeal and/or nasal cells collected with a cytobrush or a dry swab.
• Reproductive disorders, stillbirth: vaginal cells collected with a cytobrush or a dry swab or stillbirth organs (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) on dry tube.
• Status determination of asymptomatic animals: conjunctival and oropharyngeal cells collected with a cytobrush or a dry swab.
• When possible, collect samples before adopting an antibiotic treatment, including local treatment.

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of the bacteria or quantity inferior to the limit of detection.
• Positive result: presence of virus in analyzed sample. The analysis report would notify if the quantity of detected viral RNA is very low. The positive result is to be interpreted in the clinical context and depending on the duration of clinical signs and possibly ongoing treatment. The Scanelis test notifies a quantitative charge assessment. The interpretation in a clinical context takes into account a relatively low carriage rate from 2% to 3% in catteries or groups of cats (bibliographical data) with low bacterial loads.
• A recent or ongoing antibiotic treatment during the sample collection can modify the test sensitivity and/ or bacterial charge.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Chlamydia psittaci

Détection de Chlamydophila psittaci par PCR en temps réel

Indications du test

 Diagnostic d’une Chlamydiose / Chlamydophilose (Ornithose) chez un oiseau
 Détection des animaux excréteurs sains
 Evaluation du risque épidémiologique (mise en évidence de la circulation bactérienne en élevage)
 Evaluation de la contamination environnementale (cage, volière...)
 Evaluation du risque zoonotique (Psittacose) : charge de Chlamydophila excrétée par l’animal infecté

Caractéristiques du test

 PCR en temps réel
 Seuil de détection
 Analyse quantitative sur demande

Prélèvements à réaliser

 Animal malade : cellules conjonctivales, choanales ou cloacales (écouvillons secs et / ou cytobrosses)
 Animal sain : cellules cloacales (écouvillon sec)

Interprétation du résultat

Le résultat de l’analyse PCR doit toujours être interprété dans le contexte clinique ou épidémiologique.
 Positif : compatible avec une Chlamydiose ou un portage asymptomatique.
Risque zoonotique potentiel
 Négatif : absence de Chlamydophila ou quantité de cette bactérie inférieure au seuil de détection du test. Permet d’exclure une Chlamydiose chez un animal présentant des signes cliniques si les prélèvements adéquats ont été réalisés.

CIRD (Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease)

Quantitative analysis of the viral load of canine herpesvirus, canine parainfluenza, canine adenovirus type 2 and bacterial load of Bordetella bronchiseptica (pathogenic agents involved in the Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease or CIRD), responsible for respiratory disorders of variable intensity in the pup or young adult.

Test indication

• Etiological diagnostic in a context of respiratory disorders of variable intensity in an isolated dog or within a group of pups, sometimes adult animals.
• Epidemiologic risk (assessment of a viral and/or bacterial circulation in collectivity) and environment contamination evaluation.

Test characteristics

• Real-time PCR
• Limit of detection
• Quantitative analysis of the bacterial and viral loads

Diagnostic samples

• Respiratory signs: deep oropharyngeal and nasal samples (with a cytobrush or dry swab on dry tube) (+ whole blood on EDTA tube)
• Deep respiratory signs: tracheobronchial or bronchoalveolar lavage liquid on EDTA tube or dry tube (+ whole blood on EDTA tube)
• Pleural effusion
• Post-mortem: tracheal or airways sample or lung on dry tube
• Environment sample(s) on dry tube
• When possible, collect samples before adopting an antibiotic treatment, including local treatment.

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of the virus and/or bacteria or quantity inferior to the limit of detection. The analyzed agents are not involved in the observed pathology.
• Positive result:
  • Low or very low viral and/or bacterial load: chronical evolution or viral and/or bacterial carriage with no clinical significance or sample collected during or after an antibiotic or antiviral treatment. The load has to be interpreted according to the nature of the collected sample (pathogenic agents associated with the cells).
  • Medium, high or very high viral and/or bacterial load: the load may explain the observed clinical signs.
• The prevalence of these pathogenic agents being more or less important in collectivities, it is important to take into account epidemiological and clinical elements to interpret the viral/ and or bacterial load from the results.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Coxiella burnetii

Cryptosporidium sp.

Quantitative analysis of the load of Cryptosporidium sp. responsible for digestive troubles and a high mortality rate in young rabbits.

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of digestive form of Cryptosporidiosis
 Quantitative analysis of the load for status determination (shedding)
 Treatment monitoring

Test characteristics

 Quantitative PCR / Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis of the protozoan load

Diagnostic samples

• Rectal swab (dry swab without any preservative medium)

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of these coccidia or quantity lower than the limit of detection. A negative result does not exclude an asymptomatic carrier status because the rectal shedding of Cryptosporidium is intermittent
 Positive result: presence of the protozoan in the sample(s). Positive results should be interpreted in the clinical setting and the epidemiological context and depending on the duration of the clinical signs.
As the Scanelis Cryptosporidium sp. PCR is a quantitative assay, it is interesting for a treatment monitoring, in order to assess the efficiency (if the shedded load is decreased).

Do not hesitate to contact us for an interpretation of a quantitative result.

Cryptosporidium sp.

Quantitative analysis of the load of Cryptosporidium sp. responsible for digestive disorders in cats and dogs.
Cryptosporidium sp. are coccidia responsible for chronic diarrhoea (small intestine & large bowel). Coinfections with Giardia are possible in cats and dogs, and with Tritrichomonas foetus in cats.

Reasons for testing

 Cryptosporidiosis diagnostics in cats with digestive disorders
 Status determination (shedding assessment)
 Treatment monitoring

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR, quantitative PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis (protozoan load)

Diagnostic samples

• Rectal swab (dry swab without any preservative medium)
• As shedding can be intermittent, a false negative result can be obtained in case of analysis on a unique sample. In order to get a reliable diagnosis, Scanelis recommends:
  • either, at least 3 consecutive analyses (if the first two analyses are negative) on samples collected one week apart.
  • either a unique analysis on a pool of 3 to 5 rectal swabs taken with a time interval of 2 days and stored in a fridge (3-5 samples sent together in a same package). In this option the diagnosis is delayed but covers a longer period in order to increase the chance for the samples to be collected during a shedding period.

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of these coccidia or quantity lower to the limit of detection. A negative result does not exclude an asymptomatic carrier status because the rectal shedding of Cryptosporidium is intermittent. Thus, serial testing or testing a pool of samples taken few days appart is necessary to confirm the absence of Cryptosporidium sp. (see protocol in chapter Diagnostic samples)
 Positive result : presence of coccidia in the sample(s). Positive results should be interpreted in the clinical setting and the epidemiological context and depending on the duration of the clinical signs.
As the Scanelis Cryptosporidium sp. PCR is a quantitative assay, it is interesting for a treatment monitoring, in order to assess the efficacy (if the shedded load is decreased).

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Distemper Disease in Ferret

Quantitative analysis of Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) and strain typing (vaccine/infectious) which enables a reliable diagnosis on recently vaccinated animals with most of marketed vaccines

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of CDV infection in dog and ferret
 Post-diagnosis monitoring
 Assessment of epidemiological risk (to reveal viral spread in a group)

Test characteristics

 quantitative RT-PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis
 Typing of ALL vaccine strains (distinction of all infectious strains from all the vaccine strains available on the french veterinary market)

Diagnostic samples

 Blood (EDTA) (whatever the clinical signs)
 Blood and CSF (EDTA) in neurological forms
 Blood (EDTA) and conjunctival or oropharyngeal cells (cytobrushes or swabs) in presence of clinical signs (you can also perform kennel cough testing)
 Kidney, spleen, liver and lung post-mortem (with no formalin)
In chronic forms, we advise you to collect several samples (blood and other sample(s) according to the clinical symptoms).
For post-diagnostic monitoring, it is better to look for the virus in a pool of samples (blood, urine, conjunctival and oropharyngeal cells).

Result interpretation

The brand name/company of the used vaccines, the vaccination dates and the clinical context are necessary for result interpretation and must be indicated on the analysis request form.
 Positive result: compatible with a disease caused by CDV or viral spread
 Low quantity of vaccine strain: the vaccine strain was detected, probably linked to a recent vaccination
 Negative result: absence of Canine Distemper Virus in the analyzed sample or quantity lower than the limit of detection. An acute form of the disease can be excluded.

Duck Circovirus

Duck Enteritis Virus, Duck plague

Ehrlichia / Anaplasma

Feline calicivirus

Detection of feline Calicivirus by real-time RT-PCR. Very wide specificity of our assay on feline caliciviruses (strains involved in coryza, in buccostomatitis, hypervirulent strains)

Reasons for testing

• Assessment of viral shedding and contagiosity of cats in cattery/group
• Status determination of breeding cats in catteries
• Detection of asymptomatic carriers
• Diagnostics of calicivirosis in cats with clinical signs (coryza, buccostomatitis, severe systemic syndrome) and viral shedding monitoring after clinical recovery

Test characteristics

• Quantitative RT-PCR (real-time RT-PCR)
• Limit of detection
• Detection of most of Calicivirus strains, whatever the pathogenicity

Diagnostic samples

• Coryza: oropharyngeal/ conjunctival / nasal cells collected with a cytobrush (mainly if chronic disorders exist) or possibly with a dry swab.
  Other possible samples: abdominal or pleural effusion, lung (with no formalin).
• Hypervirulent systemic forms: existence of viremia in these forms. A blood sample (EDTA) is so appropriate, cutaneous scraping if cutaneous lesions occur.
• Buccostomatitis: oropharyngeal cells from lesions, collected with a cytobrush.
• Status determination of asymtomatic animals and monitoring after recovery: oropharyngeal cells (from tonsils).

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of virus or quantity lower than the limit of detection. Calicivirosis can be excluded in symptomatic animals.
• Positive result: presence of virus in the analyzed sample. The analysis report would notify if the quantity of detected viral RNA is very low. The positive results must be interpreted in the clinical context and depending on the duration of clinical signs.
  8% of cats are asymptomatic carriers (in buccal samples, with the assay developped by Scanelis).
  This rate must be taken into account to interpret the result. This rate is higher in animals living in groups (especially in cat shelters).

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Feline coronavirus & FIP

Quantitative analysis of the feline coronavirus (FCoV) load in order to determine asymptomatic animal status in a cattery/group and for FIP diagnosis.
For further information regarding SARS-CoV2 (Covid-19)

Reasons for testing

• Assessment of viral shedding (viral load shed) and contagiosity of cats in catteries. Status determination of breeding cats in catteries.
  Detection of chronic carriers (rectal swab analysis).
• FIP diagnosis in cats with clinical signs of dry (non effusive) or wet (effusive) form of FIP. Confirmation of anatomopathological results.

Test characteristics

• RT-PCR
• Limit of detection
• Quantitative analysis of the viral load for status determination of asymptomatic carriers
• Our assay does not discriminate between enteric coronavirus and FIP coronavirus. It is very important to choose the right sample for analysis in order to get an informative result.
• The assay has been optimized in order to not detect the virus in the blood of asymptomatic animals (diagnostic specificity is 96 %) [study done on 100 asymptomatic cats which were carriers of enteric coronavirus]. In cats with dry form of FIP, the assay sensitivity in a blood sample is 94%.
  In cats with wet form of FIP, the assay sentitivity on abdominal fluid is 100%.

Diagnostic samples

• Asymptomatic animals: rectal swab.
  This sample is not suitable for FIP diagnostics.
  Important ! Carriers are not detected by blood sample analysis with our assay.
  
• Dry forms (non effusive) of FIP: CSF (neurological forms), aqueous humor (ocular forms), kidney or liver biopsies, whole blood - EDTA. The blood sample must be collected during hyperthermia peaks.
  Blood and rectal swab can possibly be sent in order to perform a double analysis on young kittens.
  Post-mortem: damaged organs (kidney, liver, lungs¦).
  
• Wet forms (effusive) of FIP: abdominal or thoracic fluid (EDTA)

Result interpretation

• Rectal swab analysis (asymptomatic carrier)
  • Negative result: absence of virus or quantity lower than the limit of detection
  • Low or very low viral load: the animal is probably not a chronic carrier. The virus could be eliminated and the animal is slightly contagious.
  • Medium, high and very high viral load: the animal is a coronavirus carrier and may be a chronic carrier (to be checked by a second analysis a few weeks later for adult cats, especially for breeding cats). These animals must be isolated because they are contagious. In kittens, high viral loads are frequently detected but most of these animals will eliminate the virus if they are isolated from shedders. Diarrhea may be observed.
    
• FIP suspicion- blood analysis (EDTA): animals with FIP are viremic during hyperthermia peaks. With a negative result on a blood sample, FIP can not be excluded for certain, especially in the early onset of the disease
  (sensitivity of 94%).
  A blood positive result means FIP is highly likely. Nevertheless, some asymptomatic animals can be positive in blood for a few weeks following infection with enteric coronavirus, but in opposition with ill animals, their fecal viral load is very high. A double analysis blood / rectal swab is therefore recommended on animals (especially young kittens) which might have recently been infected. If blood is positive and the rectal load is very high, a recent infection with enteric coronavirus is probable and hypothesis of FIP can be dismissed.
  
• FIP suspicion-other samples: the presence of coronavirus in CSF or in aqueous humor confirms diagnosis. In fluids and organs, only significant viral loads can be interpreted. If the viral load is very low, it would be indicated on the analysis report. In this case FIP is highly unlikely. Positive results without no additional comment are compatible with FIP.

Considering FIP complexity and our assay specifications, do not hesitate to contact us to choose appropriate samples and for interpretation of results.

Feline herpesvirus

Quantitative detection of feline herpesvirus (FHV-1)

Testing indications

 Assessment of viral shedding and contagiosity of cats in catteries.
 Status determination of breeding cats.
 Detection of asymptomatic chronic carriers.
As FHV can be latent in neural ganglia (mainly) and tonsils or cornea (occasionnally), PCR can not detect all latent asymptomatic carriers. Thus, for a status determination on an asymtomatic animal, Scanelis recommends to collect several samples (oropharyngeal & conjunctival & corneal cells) at the right time (ie: at least 1 week after quarantine or after calving)
 Diagnostics of herpesvirosis in cats with clinical signs (coryza, ocular forms, reproduction disorder)

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Detection of viral DNA in absence of viral replication (latent forms of herpesvirosis)

Diagnostic samples

 Ocular signs: conjunctival cells with a cytobrush (mainly in case of chronic disorders) or possibly with a dry swab
corneal cells in presence of keratitis : corneal cells collected on a membrane (reference on demand / available equipment in Scanelis) or possibly with a dry swab or a cytobrush
 Coryza: oropharyngeal cells (and conjunctival or nasal depending on the clinical signs), pleural effusion, lung(s) (with no formalin).
 Abortions, reproduction disorders: vaginal and/or placental cells, preputial cells and/or sperm, stillbirth organs
 Status determination of asymptomatic carriers: oropharyngeal cells (collect on tonsils) with a cytobrush or possibly a dry swab

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of feline herpesvirus or quantity lower than the limit of detection.
 Positive result: presence of FHV in the analyzed sample.
If the quantity is very low, it would be indicated on the analysis report. Positive results must be interpreted in the clinical context and depending on the duration of clinical signs. Our assay is semi-quantitative and we can provide you this information on request.
For result interpretation in a clinical context, a rate of asymptomatic carriers of 8% mini (assessed with our test in ocular samples) must be taken into account (this rate is higher in rescue shelters).

Do not hesitate to contact us to choose appropriate samples and for result interpretation.

Feline parvovirus (panleucopenia)

Quantitative detection of feline parvovirus (FPV) enabling a reliable diagnosis of feline panleucopenia, even if the animal has recently been vaccinated.

Reasons for testing

• Diagnostics of panleucopenia in an animal with clinical signs (acute or chronic digestive forms, sudden death, cerebellar ataxia...)
• Assessment of the epidemiological risk (to reveal viral spread in a group)
• Assessment of the environmental contamination and sanitizing monitoring in an infected environment

Test characteristics

• Real-time PCR
• Limit of detection
• Quantitative analysis

Diagnostic samples

• Rectal swab (even post mortem, dry swab without preservative medium)
• CSF, nervous tissue (neurological forms in kittens)
• Environmental swab

Result interpretation

Some cats (especially kittens and cats from catteries) are healthy carriers of parvovirus with varying quantities. The only presence of virus, either wild or vaccine strain, is not sufficient to give a reliable diagnostics: quantification of the excreted viral load is necessary. Quantitative results must be interpreted in a clinical and epidemiological context.

• Positive result :
  • Low or very low viral load : healthy carrier or vaccine trace. Panleucopenia can be excluded.
  • High or very high viral load : compatible with panleucopenia.
  • Medium viral load : subacute or chronic forms of panleucopenia (evolution for more than 10-15 days) or healthy carrier in a highly contaminated environment (shelters). These loads are seldom observed in asymptomatic animals which have recently been vaccinated.
• Negative result : absence of this virus or quantity lower than the limit of detection. Panleucopenia can be excluded, whatever the clinical form and whatever the duration of clinical signs.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

FeLV

Quantitative analysis of proviral and viral forms of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) in cat and other felines (tiger, lion, leopard ...)
Detection of progressive and regressive infections.

Reasons for testing

Symptomatic animals

 Diagnostics of FeLV infection causing various clinical signs (anemia, recurrent infections, lymphoma, ...) especially in focal forms (stomatitis) or tumors.
 Retest of an animal with a positive result with an immunologic assay
 Monitoring of blood viral or/and proviral load (on request, contact us)

Asymptomatic animals

 Early stage of infection (recent contact)
 Prior to vaccination
 Blood donnors recommended by ABCD
 Confirmation of a positive or equivocal result with an immunologic assay (doctor’s test)
PCR enables the detection of regressive forms of infection when immunological assays (antigen detection) may be negative.

Whatever the clinical status

 Confirmation of equivocal immunologic results

Test characteristics

• Quantitative RT-PCR: amplification of viral RNA and DNA
  Detection of provirus (viral genome integrated in the cat genome, necessary in the retroviral replication cycle) and virus (means viral replication)
• Limit of detection
• Quantitative analysis on plasma or serum (on request, contact us)

Diagnostic samples

• Blood (EDTA)
• Blood (EDTA) and oropharyngeal cells (cytobrush and dry swab) in case of buccal signs (stomatitis, gingivitis)
• CSF or aqueous humor for neurological/ocular forms (uveitis) (and blood if possible)
• Tumor biopsy, organs, lymph nodes… (with no formalin)

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of infection with FeLV or viral load lower than the limit of detection. This viral etiology can be excluded in a symptomatic animal.
  
• Positive result: the animal is infected with FeLV (the infection can possibly be latent).
  For some animals, a later analysis can be negative whereas the first one was weakly positive. However it is unlikely that the integrated viral form has been eliminated. We advise you to regularly monitor these animals to check their status progression (viral load progression...).

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

FIV

Quantitative analysis of proviral and viral forms of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) in cat and other felines (tiger, lion, leopard ...)
Detection of latent and active infections.

Reasons for testing

Symptomatic animals

 Diagnostics of FIV infections causing various clinical signs (anemia, immunosuppression, recurrent infections,...)
 Retest of an animal with a positive result with an immunologic assay
 Monitoring of blood viral load (on request, contact us)

Asymptomatic animals

 Early stage of infection (recent contact)
 Young kittens born to infected queens or with a serological positive result
 Confirmation of a positive result with an immunologic assay (speed test or in-lab assay)

Whatever the clinical status

 Confirmation of an equivocal immunologic result

Test characteristics

• quantitative RT-PCR: amplification of viral RNA and DNA
  Detection of provirus (viral genome integrated in the cat genome, necessary in the retroviral replication cycle) and virus (means viral replication)
• Limit of detection
• Quantitative analysis (on request, contact us)

Diagnostic samples

• Blood (EDTA)
• Bone marrow (EDTA)
• Blood (EDTA) and oropharyngeal cells (cytobrush or dry swab) in case of buccal disorders (stomatitis, gingivitis...)
• CSF or aqueous humor for neurological/ocular forms (uveitis) (and blood if possible)
• Tumor biopsy, organs, lymph nodes, fluids, pad biopsy… (with no formalin)

Result interpretation

• Negative result : absence of FIV or viral load lower than the limit of detection.
  This viral etiology can be excluded in symtomatic cats.
  
• Positive result : this animal is infected with FIV (the infection can possibly be latent)

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Giardia

Quantitative detection of the load of Giardia responsible for digestive troubles in cat and dog.
Giardia is a flagellate protozoan, responsible for small intestine diarrhoea. Co-infections with Cryptosporidium sp. are possible in dog and cat, and with Tritrichomonas foetus in cat, with which confusion is possible by microsopic examination

Reasons for testing

• Giardiosis diagnostics (digestive form)
• Shedding assessment
• Treatment monitoring

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit detection
 Quantitative analysis

Diagnostic samples

• Rectal swab (dry swab without any preservative medium)
• As shedding can be intermittent especially in asymptomatic carriers, a false negative result can be obtained on a unique sample. In order to get a reliable diagnostics, Scanelis recommends:
  • either, at least 3 consecutive analyses (if the first two analyses are negative) on samples collected one week appart,
  • either a unique analysis on a pool of 3 to 5 rectal swabs taken on two days intervals and stored in a fridge (3-5 samples sent together in a same package). In this option the diagnostics is delayed but covers a longer period in order to increase the chance for the samples to be collected during a shedding period.

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of the protozoan or quantity lower than the limit of detection. A negative result does not exclude an asymptomatic carrier status because the rectal shedding of Giardia is intermittent. Thus, serial testing or testing a pool of samples taken few days appart is necessary to confirm the absence of Giardia (see protocol in chapter Diagnostic samples)
 Positive result: presence of the protozoan in the sample(s). Positive results should be interpreted in the clinical setting and the epidemiological context and depending on the duration of the clinical signs.
As the Scanelis Giardia PCR is a quantitative assay, it is interesting for a treatment monitoring, in order to assess the efficacy (if the shedded load is decreased).

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Giardia

Quantitative detection of the load of Giardia responsible for digestive troubles in cat and dog.
Giardia is a flagellate protozoan, responsible for small intestine diarrhoea. Co-infections with Cryptosporidium sp. are possible in dog and cat, and with Tritrichomonas foetus in cat, with which confusion is possible by microsopic examination

Reasons for testing

• Giardiosis diagnostics (digestive form)
• Shedding assessment
• Treatment monitoring

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit detection
 Quantitative analysis

Diagnostic samples

• Rectal swab (dry swab without any preservative medium)
• As shedding can be intermittent especially in asymptomatic carriers, a false negative result can be obtained on a unique sample. In order to get a reliable diagnostics, Scanelis recommends:
  • either, at least 3 consecutive analyses (if the first two analyses are negative) on samples collected one week appart,
  • either a unique analysis on a pool of 3 to 5 rectal swabs taken on two days intervals and stored in a fridge (3-5 samples sent together in a same package). In this option the diagnostics is delayed but covers a longer period in order to increase the chance for the samples to be collected during a shedding period.

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of the protozoan or quantity lower than the limit of detection. A negative result does not exclude an asymptomatic carrier status because the rectal shedding of Giardia is intermittent. Thus, serial testing or testing a pool of samples taken few days appart is necessary to confirm the absence of Giardia (see protocol in chapter Diagnostic samples)
 Positive result : presence of the protozoan in the sample(s). Positive results should be interpreted in the clinical setting and the epidemiological context and depending on the duration of the clinical signs.
As the Scanelis Giardia PCR is a quantitative assay, it is interesting for a treatment monitoring, in order to assess the efficacy (if the shedded load is decreased).

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Goose Haemorrhagic PolyomaVirus

Helicobacter

Hemoplasma

Detection of Mycoplasma haemofelis (large form) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (small form) by real-time PCR.

Reasons for testing

• Feline Hemobartonellosis Diagnostics
• Bacterial Load Monitoring per & post antibiotic treatment
• Detection of Asymptomatic Carriers.

Test characteristics

• Real-time PCR
• Limit of detection
• Detection of Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum

Diagnostic samples

• Feline Hemobartonellosis Diagnostics: whole blood (EDTA), bone marrow, spleen or liver biopsies.
• Treatment efficacy monitoring: whole blood (EDTA)
• Detection of Asymptomatic Carriers: whole blood (EDTA), bone marrow, spleen aspirate

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of these bacteria or quantity inferior to the limit of detection. A clinical hemobartonellosis can be excluded.

• Positive result
  • The type of hemobartonella must be considered for interpretation.
  • A high load of the large or small form of hemobartonella is compatible with a clinical form, whereas a low load is not compatible with it.
  • A positive result with the small form of hemobartonella should be interpreted carefully, even with a medium load, because some cats with relatively high load of the small form can be healthy.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Hemoplasma

Detection of Mycoplasma haemocanis (large form) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (small form) by real-time PCR.

Reasons for Testing

• Canine Hemobartonellosis Diagnostics
• Bacterial Load Monitoring per and post antibiotic treatment
• Detection of asymptomatic carriers.

Test Characteristics

• Real-time PCR
• Limit of detection
• Detection of Mycoplasma haemocanis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum

Diagnostics Samples

• Canine Hemobartonellosis Diagnostics: whole blood (EDTA), bone marrow, spllen or liver biopsies.
• Treatment Efficacy Monitoring: whole blood (EDTA)
• Detection of Asymptomatic Carriers: whole blood (EDTA), bone marrow, spleen aspirate

Result Interpretation

• Negative result: absence of these bacteria or quantity inferior to the limit of detection of the assay. A clinical hemobartonellosis can be excluded.
  -* Positive result: the type of hemobartonella and the load detected must be considered for interpretation.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Leishmania

Quantitative detection of leishmania from the Leishmania donovani complex (L. infantum, L. donovani, L. chagasi).

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of feline leishmaniosis in all forms, even chronic forms.
 Status determination of a heathy animal
 Treatment monitoring

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis (estimation)

Diagnostic samples

 Clinical suspicion – depending on clinical signs:
blood (EDTA) and/or cutaneous scraping and/or lymph node aspirate (lymph node hypertophy) and/or conjunctival cells. We advise you to collect several samples in order to perform a pool analysis.
 Healthy animal: bone marrow (EDTA) preferably
 Treatment monitoring: blood (EDTA) (blood is the earliest sample that become negative) then bone marrow if blood is negative

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of leishmania or quantity lower than the limit of detection. Leishmaniosis can be excluded if the analyzed samples were appropriate.
 Positive result: presence of leishmania, compatible with a feline leishmaniosis or a healthy carrier in an endemic area. In the canine population, the rate of asymptomatic carriers in blood was assessed with the Scanelis assay: 6%. If a cutaneous sample was collected, the detected load must be taken into account to interpret the result.

Special case of treatment monitoring : monitoring can be performed on blood which is the first to become negative (followed by bone marrow). After a negative result on blood, bone marrow is the most adapted sample for monitoring.
The animal can be regarded as negative after 2 negative results on bone marrow (the second must be performed 3 months later).

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Leishmaniasis

Quantitative detection of pathogenic leishmania in dog (L. infantum, L. donovani, L. chagasi).

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of leishmaniasis in all forms, even chronic forms.
 Status determination of a heathy animal
 Treatment monitoring

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis (on request, depending on the analyzed samples).

Diagnostic samples

 Clinical suspicion – depending on clinical signs:
blood (EDTA) and/or cutaneous scraping and/or lymph node aspirate (lymph node hypertophy) and/or conjunctival cells. We advise you to collect several samples in order to perform a pool analysis.
 Healthy animal: bone marrow (EDTA) preferably
 Treatment monitoring: blood (EDTA) (blood is the earliest sample that become negative) then bone marrow if blood is negative

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of leishmania or quantity lower than the limit of detection. Leishmaniasis can be excluded if the analyzed samples were appropriate.
 Positive result: presence of leishmania, compatible with leishmaniasis or a healthy carrier in an endemic area. The rate of asymptomatic carriers in blood was assessed with the Scanelis assay: 6%. If a cutaneous sample was collected, the detected load must be taken into account to interpret the result (contact us for interpretation of results).

Special case of treatment monitoring : monitoring can be performed on blood which is the first to become negative (followed by bone marrow). After a negative result on blood, bone marrow is the most adapted sample for monitoring.
The animal can be regarded as negative after 2 negative results on bone marrow (the second must be performed 3 months later).

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Leptospira interrogans

Leptospirosis

Real-time PCR detection of pathogenic leptospira (Leptospira interrogans sensu lato).
The detected serotypes are (non exhaustive list): canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, autumnalis, australis, grippotyphosa...

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of leptospirosis in all forms, even in chronic forms
 Assessment of the risk of human infection especially after a contact with an ill animal (zoonotic risk)

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Detection of all pathogenic serotypes in dog. No detection of saprophyte leptospira
 No possible typing of the serotype involved in the infection

Diagnostic samples

 Blood (EDTA) and urine (bacteremia is earlier than shedding in urine but transient). Several urine samples collected in 24 hours can be pooled to perfom one analysis. Samples must be collected before starting an antibiotic treatment.
 Liver, kidney (post-mortem)
 Reproduction disorders: - stillbirth organs, vaginal cells and blood (EDTA)

Result interpretation

 Positive result : presence of leptospira, compatible with leptospirosis.
 Negative result : absence of leptospira or quantity lower than the limit of detection. Important! If the sample was collected after starting an antibiotic treatment, there is a risk to obtain a false negative result.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Minute Virus of Canine

Detection of Minute virus of canines (MVC or Canine Parvovirus-type 1) by real-time PCR.

Test indication

• Diagnosis: exploration of gestational abnormalities, abortion, fetal malformations, neonatal mortality, respiratory and/or digestive and/or nervous signs in the pup.
• Breeding animal status: detection of healthy carriers/ persistent viral shedding animals

Test characteristics

• Real-time PCR
• Limit of detection
• Detection of Minute virus of canines (MVC)

Diagnostic samples

• Exploration of breeding disorders:
  • In a context of abortion or neonatal mortality: lung, liver, kidney and spleen from the runt or deceased pup on dry tube, placenta on dry tube, vaginal swab on dry tube.
• Detection of healthy carriers: oropharyngeal + conjunctival + vaginal or foreskin cells (swab or cytobrush on dry tube), sperm (dry tube), possibly rectal sample (swab on dry tube).

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of the virus or quantity inferior to the limit of detection
• Positive result:
  • In a context of digestive disorders, abortion or neonatal mortality, the viral presence is compatible with minute virus related to breeding disorders.
  • In an healthy carrier, the viral presence confirms the shedding. The animal is probably contagious.
• Please note that viral loads are often low, even in symptomatic animals and minute virus might not be the only infectious agent responsible for the disorders that can be seen.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Mycobacteria

Mycoplasma felis

Detection of Mycoplasma felis by real-time PCR

Reasons for testing

 Diagnostics of mycoplasmosis in cats with clinical signs (conjonctivitis, ulcerative keratitis, rhinosinusitis, coryza, pneumonia in kittens)
 Detection of chronic asymptomatic carriers

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR, quantitative PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis of the M. felis load

Diagnostic samples

• Ocular signs
  • conjunctival cells with a cytobrush (if chronic disorders) or a dry swab
  • corneal cells in case of keratitis: corneal using a hydrophilic membrane (reference on request) or with a dry swab
• Coryza, rhinosinusitis, pneumonia: oropharyngeal, conjunctival +/- nasal cells, thoracic fluid, broncho-alveolar lavage, lung (with no formalin) according to the clinical signs
• Status of asymptomatic animals: oropharyngeal cells (collect a sample from tonsils) with cytobrush or dry swab. Mycoplasma felis is rarely detected in conjunctival cells from asymptomatic cats.

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of M. felis or quantity lower than the limit of detection of the assay

• Positive result: presence of M. felis in the analyzed sample(s).
  In case of a very low load of M. felis, you will be informed on the analysis report. A positive result must be interpreted in the clinical context and depending on the duration of the clinical signs. The Scanelis Mycoplasma felis PCR assay enables quantitative testing (quantitative estimation of the bacterial load).
  To interpret the result in a clinical context, the rate of asymptomatic carriers in oropharyngeal cells must be considered : up to 20 % in catteries, mainly in rescue shelters (bibliographic data). M. felis is rarely detected in conjunctival samples from asymptomatic animals.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Neospora caninum

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Papillomavirus sp

Papillomavirus sp

Pestivirus (BVD)

Poxvirus

Renibacterium salmoninarum

Rodent Parvoviruses (Mouse & Rat)

Salmonella sp.

Salmonella sp Real-time qPCR

Test indication

Salmonellosis diagnostic in animals with clinical signs (from mild to severe intensity, potentially leading to death, associating enterocolitis and endotoxemia signs, anorexia, hyperthermia, abdominal pains, and serous to hemorrhagic diarrhea).

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis (bacterial load)

Diagnostic samples

• Digestive signs: rectal sample on dry swab with no culture medium.
• Detection of asymptomatic carriers: rectal sample on dry swab
• When possible, collect samples before adopting an antibiotic treatment, including local treatment.

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of the bacteria or quantity inferior to the limit of detection.
• Positive result: presence of bacteria in analyzed sample. The analysis report would notify if the quantity of detected bacteria is very low. The positive results are to be interpreted in the clinical context and depending on the duration of clinical signs and ongoing antibiotic treatment. The Scanelis test notifies a quantitative bacterial charge assessment.
• The interpretation in a clinical context takes into consideration a low carriage rate in a standard population that can be higher in groups of animals and/or for carnivorous pets on a crudivorous diet. Bacterial charges are always low in asymptomatic carriers.
  Clinical cases of carnivorous pets are often associated with diet (crudivorous diet, contaminated commercial food) but other sources, such as the environment remain possible.
• A recent or ongoing antibiotic treatment during the sample collection can modify the test sensitivity and/ or bacterial load.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Salmonella sp.

Salmonella sp Real-time qPCR

Test indication

Salmonellosis diagnostic in animals with clinical signs (from mild to severe intensity, potentially leading to death, associating enterocolitis and endotoxemia signs, anorexia, hyperthermia, abdominal pains, and serous to hemorrhagic diarrhea).

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis (bacterial load)

Diagnostic samples

• Digestive signs: rectal sample on dry swab with no culture medium.
• Detection of asymptomatic carriers: rectal sample on dry swab
• When possible, collect samples before adopting an antibiotic treatment, including local treatment.

Result interpretation

• Negative result: absence of the bacteria or quantity inferior to the limit of detection.
• Positive result: presence of bacteria in analyzed sample. The analysis report would notify if the quantity of detected bacteria is very low. The positive results are to be interpreted in the clinical context and depending on the duration of clinical signs and ongoing antibiotic treatment. The Scanelis test notifies a quantitative bacterial charge assessment.
• The interpretation in a clinical context takes into consideration a low carriage rate in a standard population that can be higher in groups of animals and/or for carnivorous pets on a crudivorous diet. Bacterial charges are always low in asymptomatic carriers.
  Clinical cases of carnivorous pets are often associated with diet (crudivorous diet, contaminated commercial food) but other sources, such as the environment remain possible.
• A recent or ongoing antibiotic treatment during the sample collection can modify the test sensitivity and/ or bacterial load.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

SARS-CoV2

Which species can be infected with SARS CoV2?

The domestic and wild species most susceptible to infection to SARS-CoV2 are cats and other felids, as well as ferrets. The dog is a susceptible species but the infection seems less likely unlike other species due to a potentially different structure of the cellular receptor to the virus. Poultry and swine are not sensitive to the virus.
The cat has already been identified as a species sensitive to infection to the SARS-CoV first isolated in 2002.
Intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV2 would be the bat and the pangolin. Cases of cat and/or dog infections have been confirmed in Hong-Kong, Europe (Belgium, Spain, France, Russia, Germany and the UK) and the US.

How do animals get infected in natural conditions?

Domestic animals : having close contact with infected people. Cases were described where animals would sleep in the bed of an infected and/or lick the plates after meal…
Nevertheless, other animals, dogs or cats living in contact with veterinary students infected or ill with the virus have not been infected.
Even though contamination from cat to cat could be possible, no case of natural transmission has been documented to this day. However, in some households, several cats were seropositive.
Farmed animals and animals in captivity : Contamination in that case seems to be indirect through environment and/or contaminated food ((i.e wild felines in a New-York zoo or farmed minks in the Netherlands).

What is the prevalence of infection in animals?

The first retrospective epidemiological studies report an extremely low prevalence in animals showing respiratory clinical signs (Idexx study, Scanelis study): however, it seems likely according to results of experimental infection that the infection is preferentially asymptomatic, particularly in cat.
In the absence of systematic research in pets living with infected people, the real prevalence, however low it is presumed to be, is unknown to this day.
A serological study realized on cats in the Wuhan province of China, which was strongly affected by the pandemic and was subjected to a very strict containment shows a prevalence of 15% in cats.

What are the described clinical signs in infected animals?

The described cases indicate respiratory troubles (more particularly coughing, nasal discharge and dyspnea) and/or digestive troubles (diarrhea, vomiting) in cats, dogs, minks and some wild felines. These clinical signs disappear within a few days (no reported mortality case to this day).
Nevertheless, these descriptions are sparse, and often, in the absence of a differential diagnosis and quantitative results of the viral load, it is difficult to say whether SARS-CoV2 is the cause or the only cause of the observed signs.
Experimental infections of young kittens (10-14 weeks old) led to the appearance of respiratory troubles and pulmonary lesions similar to the ones described in humans. Older cats subjected to the same infection conditions did not develop signs.

Is contagion possible within the same species?

Like SARS CoV in 2002, it has been proved to be the same with the SARS-CoV2 for the cat. Uninfected cats put in contact with experimentally infected cats shed the virus 2 to 3 days later for about one week.

And between species?

All the identified cases of Covid-19 in domestic and wild animals come from humans. However, some cats got contaminated by contact with farmed minks in the Netherlands (said cats had access to the farming locations). Even more worrying, the mink is suspected to be the source of human contamination (several outbreaks in the Netherlands), which raises concerns about the mink being a virus reservoir and would justify the slaughter of breeding minks.

Are domestic carnivores a source of virus for their environment?

The virus being shed in nasal secretions, in saliva, and sometimes in stools, the environmental contamination is possible but has not been evaluated. Likewise, it is possible, especially in the feline species, that the fur of infected animals could be contaminated and for the virus to persist for several hours. No specific study has been available so far but reinforced hygienic measures are strongly advised when handling your pet; contacts between infected people and their pets are to be avoided.

When to test an animal?

International recommendations regarding testing suggest to reserve virologic analyses (Rt-PCR) for animals living in contact with ill or positive-tested or people with compatible clinical signs. Following the case of 3 cats in a seniors’ residence in Germany, it is recommended to screen animals living in contact with fragile people in specialized medical facilities as well. In case of clinical suspicion in an animal, a differential diagnosis is strongly recommended as infectious agents able to showcase compatible clinical signs are frequent in the feline species. Due to the priority needs of humans, the use of diagnosis kits for systematic screening in humans is not recommended. The use of screening for veterinary purposes must be privileged.

Should we fear cross reactions with RT-PCR screening of coronavirus-positive cats, dogs or ferrets?

The feline and canine coronaviruses, as well as those described in ferrets are genetically distant from SARS-CoV2. The screening in use for animals have to be validated on the basis of having no cross-reactions with the coronaviruses of said species, which is the case for the SARS-CoV2 Scanelis screening in regards to the ferret, cat and dog coronaviruses (including the canine respiratory coronavirus). As such, the screening can be safely carried out for the 3 species.

SARS-CoV2

Which species can be infected with SARS CoV2?

The domestic and wild species most susceptible to infection to SARS-CoV2 are cats and other felids, as well as ferrets. The dog is a susceptible species but the infection seems less likely unlike other species due to a potentially different structure of the cellular receptor to the virus. Poultry and swine are not sensitive to the virus.
The cat has already been identified as a species sensitive to infection to the SARS-CoV first isolated in 2002.
Intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV2 would be the bat and the pangolin. Cases of cat and/or dog infections have been confirmed in Hong-Kong, Europe (Belgium, Spain, France, Russia, Germany and the UK) and the US.

How do animals get infected in natural conditions?

Domestic animals : having close contact with infected people. Cases were described where animals would sleep in the bed of an infected and/or lick the plates after meal…
Nevertheless, other animals, dogs or cats living in contact with veterinary students infected or ill with the virus have not been infected.
Even though contamination from cat to cat could be possible, no case of natural transmission has been documented to this day. However, in some households, several cats were seropositive.
Farmed animals and animals in captivity : Contamination in that case seems to be indirect through environment and/or contaminated food ((i.e wild felines in a New-York zoo or farmed minks in the Netherlands).

What is the prevalence of infection in animals?

The first retrospective epidemiological studies report an extremely low prevalence in animals showing respiratory clinical signs (Idexx study, Scanelis study): however, it seems likely according to results of experimental infection that the infection is preferentially asymptomatic, particularly in cat.
In the absence of systematic research in pets living with infected people, the real prevalence, however low it is presumed to be, is unknown to this day.
A serological study realized on cats in the Wuhan province of China, which was strongly affected by the pandemic and was subjected to a very strict containment shows a prevalence of 15% in cats.

What are the described clinical signs in infected animals?

The described cases indicate respiratory troubles (more particularly coughing, nasal discharge and dyspnea) and/or digestive troubles (diarrhea, vomiting) in cats, dogs, minks and some wild felines. These clinical signs disappear within a few days (no reported mortality case to this day).
Nevertheless, these descriptions are sparse, and often, in the absence of a differential diagnosis and quantitative results of the viral load, it is difficult to say whether SARS-CoV2 is the cause or the only cause of the observed signs.
Experimental infections of young kittens (10-14 weeks old) led to the appearance of respiratory troubles and pulmonary lesions similar to the ones described in humans. Older cats subjected to the same infection conditions did not develop signs.

Is contagion possible within the same species?

Like SARS CoV in 2002, it has been proved to be the same with the SARS-CoV2 for the cat. Uninfected cats put in contact with experimentally infected cats shed the virus 2 to 3 days later for about one week.

And between species?

All the identified cases of Covid-19 in domestic and wild animals come from humans. However, some cats got contaminated by contact with farmed minks in the Netherlands (said cats had access to the farming locations). Even more worrying, the mink is suspected to be the source of human contamination (several outbreaks in the Netherlands), which raises concerns about the mink being a virus reservoir and would justify the slaughter of breeding minks.

Are domestic carnivores a source of virus for their environment?

The virus being shed in nasal secretions, in saliva, and sometimes in stools, the environmental contamination is possible but has not been evaluated. Likewise, it is possible, especially in the feline species, that the fur of infected animals could be contaminated and for the virus to persist for several hours. No specific study has been available so far but reinforced hygienic measures are strongly advised when handling your pet; contacts between infected people and their pets are to be avoided.

When to test an animal?

International recommendations regarding testing suggest to reserve virologic analyses (Rt-PCR) for animals living in contact with ill or positive-tested or people with compatible clinical signs. Following the case of 3 cats in a seniors’ residence in Germany, it is recommended to screen animals living in contact with fragile people in specialized medical facilities as well. In case of clinical suspicion in an animal, a differential diagnosis is strongly recommended as infectious agents able to showcase compatible clinical signs are frequent in the feline species. Due to the priority needs of humans, the use of diagnosis kits for systematic screening in humans is not recommended. The use of screening for veterinary purposes must be privileged.

Should we fear cross reactions with RT-PCR screening of coronavirus-positive cats, dogs or ferrets?

The feline and canine coronaviruses, as well as those described in ferrets are genetically distant from SARS-CoV2. The screening in use for animals have to be validated on the basis of having no cross-reactions with the coronaviruses of said species, which is the case for the SARS-CoV2 Scanelis screening in regards to the ferret, cat and dog coronaviruses (including the canine respiratory coronavirus). As such, the screening can be safely carried out for the 3 species.

SARS-CoV2

Which species can be infected with SARS CoV2?

The domestic and wild species most susceptible to infection to SARS-CoV2 are cats and other felids, as well as ferrets. The dog is a susceptible species but the infection seems less likely unlike other species due to a potentially different structure of the cellular receptor to the virus. Poultry and swine are not sensitive to the virus.
The cat has already been identified as a species sensitive to infection to the SARS-CoV first isolated in 2002.
Intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV2 would be the bat and the pangolin. Cases of cat and/or dog infections have been confirmed in Hong-Kong, Europe (Belgium, Spain, France, Russia, Germany and the UK) and the US.

How do animals get infected in natural conditions?

Domestic animals : having close contact with infected people. Cases were described where animals would sleep in the bed of an infected and/or lick the plates after meal…
Nevertheless, other animals, dogs or cats living in contact with veterinary students infected or ill with the virus have not been infected.
Even though contamination from cat to cat could be possible, no case of natural transmission has been documented to this day. However, in some households, several cats were seropositive.
Farmed animals and animals in captivity : Contamination in that case seems to be indirect through environment and/or contaminated food ((i.e wild felines in a New-York zoo or farmed minks in the Netherlands).

What is the prevalence of infection in animals?

The first retrospective epidemiological studies report an extremely low prevalence in animals showing respiratory clinical signs (Idexx study, Scanelis study): however, it seems likely according to results of experimental infection that the infection is preferentially asymptomatic, particularly in cat.
In the absence of systematic research in pets living with infected people, the real prevalence, however low it is presumed to be, is unknown to this day.
A serological study realized on cats in the Wuhan province of China, which was strongly affected by the pandemic and was subjected to a very strict containment shows a prevalence of 15% in cats.

What are the described clinical signs in infected animals?

The described cases indicate respiratory troubles (more particularly coughing, nasal discharge and dyspnea) and/or digestive troubles (diarrhea, vomiting) in cats, dogs, minks and some wild felines. These clinical signs disappear within a few days (no reported mortality case to this day).
Nevertheless, these descriptions are sparse, and often, in the absence of a differential diagnosis and quantitative results of the viral load, it is difficult to say whether SARS-CoV2 is the cause or the only cause of the observed signs.
Experimental infections of young kittens (10-14 weeks old) led to the appearance of respiratory troubles and pulmonary lesions similar to the ones described in humans. Older cats subjected to the same infection conditions did not develop signs.

Is contagion possible within the same species?

Like SARS CoV in 2002, it has been proved to be the same with the SARS-CoV2 for the cat. Uninfected cats put in contact with experimentally infected cats shed the virus 2 to 3 days later for about one week.

And between species?

All the identified cases of Covid-19 in domestic and wild animals come from humans. However, some cats got contaminated by contact with farmed minks in the Netherlands (said cats had access to the farming locations). Even more worrying, the mink is suspected to be the source of human contamination (several outbreaks in the Netherlands), which raises concerns about the mink being a virus reservoir and would justify the slaughter of breeding minks.

Are domestic carnivores a source of virus for their environment?

The virus being shed in nasal secretions, in saliva, and sometimes in stools, the environmental contamination is possible but has not been evaluated. Likewise, it is possible, especially in the feline species, that the fur of infected animals could be contaminated and for the virus to persist for several hours. No specific study has been available so far but reinforced hygienic measures are strongly advised when handling your pet; contacts between infected people and their pets are to be avoided.

When to test an animal?

International recommendations regarding testing suggest to reserve virologic analyses (Rt-PCR) for animals living in contact with ill or positive-tested or people with compatible clinical signs. Following the case of 3 cats in a seniors’ residence in Germany, it is recommended to screen animals living in contact with fragile people in specialized medical facilities as well. In case of clinical suspicion in an animal, a differential diagnosis is strongly recommended as infectious agents able to showcase compatible clinical signs are frequent in the feline species. Due to the priority needs of humans, the use of diagnosis kits for systematic screening in humans is not recommended. The use of screening for veterinary purposes must be privileged.

Should we fear cross reactions with RT-PCR screening of coronavirus-positive cats, dogs or ferrets?

The feline and canine coronaviruses, as well as those described in ferrets are genetically distant from SARS-CoV2. The screening in use for animals have to be validated on the basis of having no cross-reactions with the coronaviruses of said species, which is the case for the SARS-CoV2 Scanelis screening in regards to the ferret, cat and dog coronaviruses (including the canine respiratory coronavirus). As such, the screening can be safely carried out for the 3 species.

Toxoplasma gondii

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by real-time PCR.

Reasons for testing

 Toxoplasmosis diagnostics in dog or cat with clinical signs
 Shedding quantitative analysis in a healthy animal

Test characteristics

 Quantitative PCR / real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Detection of Toxoplasma gondii

Diagnostic samples

 Nervous signs: CSF or organs (post-mortem)
 Ocular signs (uveitis): aqueous humor (plain or EDTA tube)
 Respiratory signs: broncho-alveolar fuid or thoracic fluid or lung (post-mortem)

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of the protozoan or quantity lower than the limit of detection of the test.
A negative result does not exclude an asymptomatic carrier status because the rectal shedding of T. gondii can be intermittent. Thus, serial testing or testing a pool of samples taken few days appart are necessary to confirm the absence of T. gondii.
 Positive result: detection of Toxoplasma in a fluid (CSF, aqueous humor or thoracic fluid) or in organs confirms the disease.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Toxoplasmosis

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by real-time PCR.

Reasons for testing

 Toxoplasmosis diagnostics in an animal (ferret, rabbit...) with clinical signs

Test characteristics

 quantitative PCR / real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Detection of Toxoplasma gondii

Diagnostic samples

 Nervous signs: CSF or organs (post-mortem)

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of the protozoan or quantity lower than the limit of detection of the test.
 Positive result: detection of Toxoplasma in CSF or organs confirms the disease.

Toxoplasmosis

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by real-time PCR.

Reasons for testing

 Toxoplasmosis diagnostics in dog or cat with clinical signs
 Shedding quantitative analysis in a healthy animal

Test characteristics

 Quantitative PCR / real-time PCR
 Limit of detection
 Detection of Toxoplasma gondii

Diagnostic samples

 Nervous signs: CSF or organs (post-mortem)
 Ocular signs (uveitis): aqueous humor (plain or EDTA tube)
 Respiratory signs: broncho-alveolar fuid or thoracic fluid or lung (post-mortem)

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of the protozoan or quantity lower than the limit of detection of the test.
A negative result does not exclude an asymptomatic carrier status because the rectal shedding of T. gondii can be intermittent. Thus, serial testing or testing a pool of samples taken few days appart are necessary to confirm the absence of T. gondii.
 Positive result: detection of Toxoplasma in a fluid (CSF, aqueous humor or thoracic fluid) or in organs confirms the disease.

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Tritrichomonas foetus

Quantitative analysis of the load of Tritrichomonas foetus , responsible for digestive troubles in kittens.
Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellate protozoan, responsible for chronic large bowel diarrhoea. Coinfection with Giardia is possible. Tritrichomonas foetus is often misdiagnosed as Giardia by microscopic examination.

Reasons for testing

 Feline trichomonosis diagnostics in cats with digestive disorders
 Quantitative analysis of the load for status determination of asymptomatic carriers
 Treatment monitoring (shedding monitoring)

Test characteristics

 Real-time PCR, quantitative PCR
 Limit of detection
 Quantitative analysis of the protozoan load

Diagnostic samples

• Rectal swab (dry swab without any preservative medium)
• As shedding can be intermittent especially in asymptomatic carriers, a false negative result can be obtained on a unique sample. In order to get a reliable diagnostics, Scanelis recommends:
  • either, at least 3 consecutive analyses (if the first two analyses are negative) on samples collected one week appart,
  • either a unique analysis on a pool of 3 to 5 rectal swabs taken on two days intervals and stored in a fridge (3-5 samples sent together in a same package). In this option the diagnostics is delayed but covers a longer period in order to increase the chance for the samples to be collected during a shedding period.

Result interpretation

 Negative result: absence of the protozoan or quantity lower than the limit of detection. A negative result does not exclude an asymptomatic carrier status because the rectal shedding of T. foetus is intermittent. Thus, serial testing or testing a pool of samples taken few days appart is necessary to confirm the absence of Tritrichomonas foetus (see protocol in chapter Diagnostic samples)
 Positive result: presence of the protozoan in the sample(s). Positive results should be interpreted in the clinical setting and the epidemiological context and depending on the duration of the clinical signs.
As the Scanelis T. foetus PCR is a quantitative assay, it is interesting for a treatment monitoring, in order to assess the efficacy (if the shedded load is decreased).

Do not hesitate to contact us for sample collecting advice or help in interpreting the results.

Viral Haemorrhagic Disease Virus

Détection quantitative du virus de la VHD (Viral Hemorrhagic Disease ou Maladie virale hémorragique du lapin) par RT-PCR en temps réel. Le test permet la détection et la quantification des virus :

• VHD souche classique
• VHD souche variant 2010

Indications du test

 Diagnostic individuel ou en pool lors d’une suspicion clinique
 Evaluation de la quantité de virus environnementale (cage, mangeoire…) afin d’estimer le niveau de contamination d’un site et d’adapter les mesures prophylactiques (vide sanitaire, désinfection, vaccination...)

Caractéristiques du test

 RT-PCR en temps réel
 Seuil de détection
 Analyse quantitative

Prélèvements à réaliser

 Foie (non fixé) pour le diagnostic clinique (analyse en pool : 3 prélèvements maximum)
 Ecouvillons environnementaux (nous consulter pour les modalités pratiques)

Interprétation du résultat

Les informations concernant les vaccins utilisés, les dates de vaccination et le contexte clinique sont nécessaires à l’interprétation du résultat et doivent être indiqués sur la fiche de demande d’analyse.

 Résultat positif : présence du virus dans l’échantillon analysé. Interprétation en fonction de la charge virale mesurée et du contexte de l’analyse (diagnostic ou analyse environnementale).
 Résultat négatif : absence de virus ou quantité inférieure au seuil de détection. Permet d’exclure une forme aiguë de la maladie.

Viral Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (VHD)

Waterfowl parvoviruses